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A laser is an electronic device that emits electromagnetic radiation. The term LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The most significant characteristics of laser are : Directionality. High intensity. Extraordinary monochromaticity. The high degree of coherence as compared to the light from the ordinary sources of light like incandescent … Read more
Breakdown Voltage of Diode what is breakdown voltage ? The voltage across reverse Biased PN junction increase to a certain value, called breakdown voltage of diode, the high reverse current is caused which may damage the junction diode. There are two mechanism by which breakdown can occur when PN junction is Reverse biased: Avalanche breakdown. … Read more
In this laser semiconductors like GaAs, InP, GaN etc. are used as the active medium and population inversion is achieved by forward biasing the semiconductor. Semiconductor Laser Construction and Working Semiconductor Diode Laser Principle Semiconductor lasers are basically PN junction diode. When a p-type semiconductor (has an excess of holes) is in intimate contact with … Read more
When a p-type semiconductor is brought in close contact with an n-type semiconductor by stable means, the arrangement of both the semiconductors is known as the PN junction. The interface of p-type and n-type semiconductors is called Junction. Two independent p-type and n-type semiconductors pressed against each other do not form a PN junction. Introduction … Read more
Definition of Nd:YAG Laser ND YAG laser is the short form used for Neodymium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet. Neodymium ion (Nd3+) Is a very effective laser medium. When it is doped in YAG (YAG which Y3Al5O12 ) host material or glass host material. In ND: YAG laser, The laser emission takes place at 1.06μm. Whereas in … Read more
An interferometer is an instrument that uses interference phenomenon in the measurement of the wavelength of light in terms of standard of length or the measurement of distance in terms of the known wavelength of the light. In this article, we will explore the Definition, Principle, construction and working of the Michelson Interferometer, its components, … Read more
Application of laser Laser is an intense, monochromatic, concentrated and coherent beam of light. It can be focused to a very small area. And hence the laser generates very high intensity in the area of focus. Because of this feature of characteristics, laser find widespread application. In the field of industry, medicine, communication, Defence, astronomy, … Read more
What is X-ray diffraction ? The Definition of x-ray diffraction is: Diffraction of light means the bending of light around the corner of an obstacle. It is a fact that for diffraction to occur. The size of the obstacle should nearly be equal to the wavelength of light used. X-ray, like other electromagnetic rays, can … Read more
Ruby Laser is a type of solid-state laser that operates on the principle of stimulated emission to produce a coherent and monochromatic beam of light. Developed in 1960, Ruby Laser was the first successful laser to be constructed and has since found numerous applications in scientific research, medicine, and industry. In this article, we will … Read more
What is ocean energy Ocean energy has been developing itself for the last decade as an innovative renewable source of energy. Since water covers nearly 70% of the earth’s surface. So water mass is a larger receiver of solar radiation on earth. The energy in the ocean waves is a converted form of concentrated solar energy. The energy … Read more