Transformer Definition
For many purposes, it is necessary to change (or transform) an alternating voltage from one to another of greater or smaller value. This is done with a device called a transformer using the principle of mutual induction.
A transformer is a static device that transfers alternating current from one circuit to another at an equal frequency however, the voltage level normally varies. For economic reasons, electricity must be transmitted at high voltage while it must be used at low voltage from a safety point of view. This increase in transmission voltage and reduced voltage for use can only be achieved using the step-up transformer and step-down transformer.
Difference between Step up and Step down Transformer
The main difference between the step-up and step-down transformer is that the step-up transformer increases the output voltage, while the step-down transformer reduces the output voltage.
Some other difference between the step-up and step-down transformer is explained below, in the form of a comparison chart, considering the factors: voltage, winding, the number of turns, thickness of conductor, and application.
Difference between the step-up and step-down transformer
| Sr.No. | Step-up Transformer | Step-Down Transformer |
| 1. | The output voltage of the Step-up transformer is more than that of the source voltage. | The output voltage of the Step-down transformer is less than that of the source voltage. |
| 2. | LV winding of the transformer is the primary, and HV winding is secondary. | HV winding of the transformer is the primary and LV winding is secondary. |
| 3. | The secondary voltage of the Step-up Transformer is greater than its primary voltage. | The secondary voltage of the Step-down Transformer is less than its primary voltage. |
| 4. | The number of turns in the primary winding is less than in the secondary winding. | The number of turns in the primary winding is more than the secondary winding. |
| 5. | The primary current of the transformer is more than the secondary current. | The secondary current is more than the primary current. |
| 6. | A Step-up transformer is generally used for power transmission. Generator Transformer in the power plant is one example of a Step-up Transformer. | A step-down transformer is used in power distribution. The transformer in a residential colony is one example of a step-down transformer. |