Fig. 6 Shows the circuit diagram of Colpitts oscillator.
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Colpitt-oscillator.jpeg?resize=930%2C869&ssl=1)
What is Colpitts Oscillator?
In this oscillator, tank circuit consists of C1,C2, and L. Stabilized self-bias to the amplifier is provided by R1 R2 Re and Ce. Radio frequency (RF) choke is used to permit an easy flow of d.c., whereas a capacitor Cc permits a.c. to flow from the collector to the tank circuit.
The transistor in common emitter configuration introduces a phase shift of 180o between the input and output voltages. Another phase shift of 180o is provided by the capacitive feedback. Hence the net phase shift of 360o or 0o is introduced between the input and output voltages, leading to positive feedback.
Working of Colpitts Oscillator
When the circuit is connected to the supply VCC , capacitors C1 and C2 are charged. After fully charged, these capacitors discharge through the inductor of inductance L. Hence damped oscillations are produced. The voltage across C1 is applied to the base emitter circuit which appears in the amplified form in the collector circuit. This voltage compensates the energy loss continuously in the tank circuit and hence undamped oscillations of definite frequency are obtained at the output.
Colpitts Oscillator Derivation
The equivalent circuit of Colpitss oscillator is shown in fig. 7.
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Colpitt-oscillator-derivation.jpeg?resize=930%2C489&ssl=1)
Load impedance between output terminal can be calculated in the same manner as is done in Hartley oscillator.
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/1-4.jpg?resize=601%2C119&ssl=1)
Similarly, A and β can be calculated as is done in Hartley oscillator.
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2-4.jpg?resize=349%2C124&ssl=1)
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/3-3.jpg?resize=412%2C106&ssl=1)
According to Barkhausen criterion,
-Aβ = 1
using eqns. (2) and (3), we get
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/4-3.jpg?resize=477%2C123&ssl=1)
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/5-3.jpg?resize=379%2C108&ssl=1)
Using eqn. (1), we get
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/6-3.jpg?resize=475%2C134&ssl=1)
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/7-3.jpg?resize=602%2C95&ssl=1)
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/8-3.jpg?resize=324%2C134&ssl=1)
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/9-2.jpg?resize=317%2C119&ssl=1)
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/10-2.jpg?resize=244%2C86&ssl=1)
Eqn. (4) becomes
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/11-1.jpg?resize=790%2C109&ssl=1)
![Colpitts Oscillator](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/12.jpg?resize=774%2C107&ssl=1)
Comparing the imaginary parts of eqn. (5), we get
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/13.jpg?resize=456%2C113&ssl=1)
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/14.jpg?resize=295%2C112&ssl=1)
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/15.jpg?resize=469%2C127&ssl=1)
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/16.jpg?resize=303%2C158&ssl=1)
Since ω = 2πf
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/118.jpg?resize=338%2C157&ssl=1)
Which is the expression for the frequency of oscillations produced in the Colpitts oscillator.
Now comparing the real parts of eqn. (5), we get
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/19.jpg?resize=380%2C122&ssl=1)
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/20.jpg?resize=342%2C103&ssl=1)
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/21.jpg?resize=272%2C96&ssl=1)
using eqn. (6) we get
![Colpitts Oscillator Derivation](https://i0.wp.com/physicswave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/22.jpg?resize=277%2C127&ssl=1)
Eqn. (8) gives the condition for sustained oscillations.