Properties of Photon
Before study the properties of photon we must have to know some basic introduction of photon. In 1905, Einstein explained photoelectric effect by considering light consisted of quantum of energy …
Methods of Reducing Spherical Aberration
How to Reduce Spherical Aberration The following 5 methods are usually used to reduce the spherical aberration. By Stop Method. By using plano-convex lenses. By using two convergent lenses separated …
Aberration in Optics and Types of Aberration
Aberration in Optics In the simple theory of image formation by lenses, it is assumed that an object is situated very close to the principal axis and each point object …
Combination of Lenses
Suppose we have two lenses of focal lengths f1 and f2 separated by a distance x as shown in fig below. L1, L2 correspond to the position of two lenses …
Translation Matrix
The matrix Tm is called Translation Matrix. The matrices can be used to find the position of the final image. The method of writing linear equations for the coordinates of …
Fermat’s Principle of Least Time
What is fermat’s principle? This principle states that the light always travels that path in a medium from one point to another point which takes the minimum (i.e least) time. …
Optical Path and Geometrical Path
The branch of physics which deals with the study of optical phenomenon like reflection, refraction, dispersion, interference, diffraction, polarization etc. is known as optics. Optics is classified into two categories: …
Current Gain in Transistor
In this article we are going to study Current Gain in Transistor of Common Base Transistor and Common Emitter Transistor. Along with the formula of current gain in transistor. Current …
Classification of Semiconductors
Semiconductor are classified into two classes: Intrinsic (or pure) semiconductors Extrinsic (or impure) semiconductors Intrinsic Semiconductors A semiconductor in an extremely pure form is known as intrinsic semiconductor. A semiconductor …
Static and Dynamic resistance of Diode | Dynamic resistance formula
Static and Dynamic resistance of Diode In a junction diode, applied voltage (V) is not proportional to the diode current and hence it does obey Ohm’s law. So junction diode …
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